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Geoscience
is the science of the earth and
its origin and history, the
investigation of the earth's
environment and its constituent
soils, rocks, minerals, fossil
fuels, solids, and fluids, and
the study of the natural and
introduced agents, forces, and
processes that cause changes in
and on the earth.
Geology
is the study of the origin,
composition, structure, and
history of the earth and its
constituent soils, rocks,
minerals, fossil fuels, solids,
fluids and gases, and the study
of the natural and introduced
agents, forces, and processes
that cause changes in and on the
earth. There are many
subdivisions of geology, which
may include historical geology,
physical geology, economic
geology, mineralogy,
paleontology, structural
geology, mining geology,
petroleum geology,
physiography,
geomorphology, geochemistry,
hydrogeology, petrography,
petrology,
volcanology,
stratigraphic geology,
engineering geology, and
environmental geology.
Geophysics
refers to the study of the
physical earth by means of
measuring its natural and
induced fields of force,
including, but not limited to,
electric, gravity and magnetic,
and its responses to natural and
induced energy or forces, the
interpretation of these
measurements, applied with
judgment to benefit or protect
the public.
Soil Science
is the study of soils, their
classification, origin and
history, the investigation of
physical, chemical,
morphological, and biological
characteristics of the soil
including its ability to produce
vegetation and the fate and
movement of physical, chemical
and biological contaminants.
Geoscience-Related
Activities
Examples of activities
undertaken by professional
geoscientists may include
surface and underground mapping
and sampling, three-dimensional
geoscientific
interpretation and modeling,
remote sensing interpretation,
terrain stability analyses,
seismicity
and volcanism, geological
surveys, geophysical surveys,
geomorphological surveys,
petrology and mineralogy,
mineral exploration, mineral
property valuation, oil and gas
exploration*, coal exploration,
resource and reserve estimation,
groundwater studies,
environmental assessment, site
remediation, closure and
reclamation, reporting under
regulatory requirements,
providing expert testimony,
teaching of
geoscience*, and academic
research in the geosciences*
which may be relied upon by
other professionals and the
public.
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